Folding Boxboard Market

The global folding boxboard market is projected to experience growth in consumption trends from 2022 to 2030, with an expected CAGR of +2.3% in volume and +4.6% in value. Key countries driving this market include China, the United States, and India. The largest types of folding boxboard exported include multi-ply, surface-coloured, and coated varieties, with significant growth in paper and paperboard exports from 2012 to 2022. Import prices have shown steady increases, with fluctuations in average prices amongst major exporting countries.

Market Forecast

Driven by increasing demand for folding boxboard worldwide, the market is expected to continue an upward consumption trend over the next eight-year period. Market performance is forecast to retain its current trend pattern, expanding with an anticipated CAGR of +2.3% for the period from 2022 to 2030, which is projected to bring the market volume to 60M tons by the end of 2030.

In value terms, the market is forecast to increase with an anticipated CAGR of +4.6% for the period from 2022 to 2030, which is projected to bring the market value to $85.8B (in nominal prices) by the end of 2030.

Consumption

World Consumption of Folding Boxboard

In 2022, global folding boxboard consumption was estimated at 50M tons, approximately mirroring the previous year. The total consumption volume increased at an average annual rate of +1.6% over the period from 2012 to 2022; the trend pattern remained relatively stable, with somewhat noticeable fluctuations being observed in certain years. Global consumption peaked at 51M tons in 2017; however, from 2018 to 2022, consumption failed to regain momentum.

The global folding boxboard market size reduced modestly to $59.8B in 2022, with a decrease of -3.8% against the previous year. This figure reflects the total revenues of producers and importers (excluding logistics costs, retail marketing costs, and retailers' margins, which will be included in the final consumer price). Over the period under review, consumption continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. As a result, consumption reached the peak level of $62.2B, and then declined slightly in the following year.

Consumption By Country

The countries with the highest volumes of consumption in 2022 were China (13M tons), the United States (7.8M tons) and India (2.5M tons), together comprising 48% of global consumption. Indonesia, Japan, Poland, South Korea, Mexico, Russia, Italy, France, Turkey and Germany lagged somewhat behind, together accounting for a further 27%.

From 2012 to 2022, the biggest increases were recorded for Poland (with a CAGR of +7.4%), while consumption for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, China ($14.4B), the United States ($8.2B) and Japan ($4.2B) appeared to be the countries with the highest levels of market value in 2022, with a combined 45% share of the global market. Poland, India, Indonesia, Italy, France, Russia, Turkey, Mexico, Germany and South Korea lagged somewhat behind, together accounting for a further 24%.

Among the main consuming countries, Poland, with a CAGR of +6.9%, saw the highest rates of growth with regard to market size over the period under review, while market for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

The countries with the highest levels of folding boxboard per capita consumption in 2022 were Poland (37 kg per person), South Korea (23 kg per person) and the United States (23 kg per person).

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of consumption, amongst the main consuming countries, was attained by Poland (with a CAGR of +7.5%), while consumption for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Production

World Production of Folding Boxboard

In 2022, global folding boxboard production was estimated at 51M tons, stabilizing at 2021 figures. The total output volume increased at an average annual rate of +1.7% over the period from 2012 to 2022; the trend pattern remained relatively stable, with somewhat noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2014 with an increase of 14%. Over the period under review, global production hit record highs at 52M tons in 2017; however, from 2018 to 2022, production failed to regain momentum.

In value terms, folding boxboard production reduced to $58.3B in 2022 estimated in export price. Over the period under review, production recorded a relatively flat trend pattern. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2021 with an increase of 16%. As a result, production attained the peak level of $62.7B, and then contracted in the following year.

Production By Country

The countries with the highest volumes of production in 2022 were China (16M tons), the United States (8.5M tons) and Sweden (3.3M tons), with a combined 54% share of global production. India, Finland, Indonesia, Japan, Germany, South Korea, Russia, Poland and Taiwan (Chinese) lagged somewhat behind, together comprising a further 29%.

From 2012 to 2022, the biggest increases were recorded for India (with a CAGR of +8.2%), while production for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Imports

World Imports of Folding Boxboard

For the seventh consecutive year, the global market recorded growth in purchases abroad of folding boxboard, which increased by 2.1% to 20M tons in 2022. The total import volume increased at an average annual rate of +2.8% over the period from 2012 to 2022; the trend pattern remained relatively stable, with somewhat noticeable fluctuations in certain years. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2021 with an increase of 4.9%. Global imports peaked in 2022 and are expected to retain growth in years to come.

In value terms, folding boxboard imports expanded notably to $27.4B in 2022. The total import value increased at an average annual rate of +2.9% from 2012 to 2022; the trend pattern remained relatively stable, with only minor fluctuations being observed in certain years. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2021 when imports increased by 15%. Global imports peaked in 2022 and are likely to continue growth in years to come.

Imports By Country

In 2022, Germany (1,409K tons), the United States (1,362K tons), Poland (930K tons), Turkey (893K tons), Italy (882K tons), France (782K tons), China (719K tons), the UK (709K tons), Vietnam (612K tons), Belgium (611K tons), Canada (609K tons) and the Netherlands (585K tons) was the major importer of folding boxboard in the world, comprising 51% of total import. Mexico (576K tons) followed a long way behind the leaders.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of purchases, amongst the leading importing countries, was attained by Vietnam (with a CAGR of +10.1%), while imports for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest folding boxboard importing markets worldwide were the United States ($2.1B), Germany ($1.8B) and Poland ($1.2B), together accounting for 19% of global imports. Italy, Turkey, the UK, France, China, Mexico, Canada, Vietnam, Belgium and the Netherlands lagged somewhat behind, together comprising a further 35%.

Vietnam, with a CAGR of +10.3%, recorded the highest growth rate of the value of imports, in terms of the main importing countries over the period under review, while purchases for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Imports By Type

Paper and paperboard; multi-ply, coated with kaolin or other inorganic substances only, for non-graphic purposes, n.e.c. in heading no. 4810, in rolls or sheets represented the key type of folding boxboard in the world, with the volume of imports resulting at 11M tons, which was approx. 55% of total imports in 2022. Paper and paperboard, surface-coloured, surface-decorated or printed, coated, impregnated or covered with artificial resins or plastics, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size (excluding bleached and weighing > 150 g/m², and adhesives) (2.7M tons) ranks second in terms of the total imports with a 14% share, followed by paper and paperboard, surface-coloured, surface-decorated or printed, coated, impregnated or covered with artificial resins or plastics, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size, bleached and weighing > 150 g/m² (8.2%), paper and paperboard; uncoated, weight more than 150g/m2 but less than 225 g/m2, in rolls or sheets, n.e.c. in heading no. 4805 (6%), kraft paper and paperboard, coated on one or both sides with kaolin or other inorganic substances, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size (excluding that for writing, printing or other graphic purposes; paper and paperboard bleached uniformly in the mass and containing > 95% chemically processed wood fibres by weight in relation to the total fibre content) (5.8%) and kraft paper and paperboard, bleached uniformly throughout the mass and containing > 95% chemically processed wood fibres by weight in relation to the total fibre content, coated on one or both sides with kaolin or other inorganic substances, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size, weighing > 150 g/m² (5.1%). Kraft paper and paperboard; uncoated, unbleached, weight 225g/m2 or more, in rolls or sheets, other than that of heading no. 4802 or 4803 (399K tons) followed a long way behind the leaders.

Paper and paperboard; multi-ply, coated with kaolin or other inorganic substances only, for non-graphic purposes, n.e.c. in heading no. 4810, in rolls or sheets was also the fastest-growing in terms of imports, with a CAGR of +4.1% from 2012 to 2022. At the same time, paper and paperboard; uncoated, weight more than 150g/m2 but less than 225 g/m2, in rolls or sheets, n.e.c. in heading no. 4805 (+3.0%), paper and paperboard, surface-coloured, surface-decorated or printed, coated, impregnated or covered with artificial resins or plastics, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size (excluding bleached and weighing > 150 g/m², and adhesives) (+2.2%), kraft paper and paperboard, coated on one or both sides with kaolin or other inorganic substances, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size (excluding that for writing, printing or other graphic purposes; paper and paperboard bleached uniformly in the mass and containing > 95% chemically processed wood fibres by weight in relation to the total fibre content) (+1.6%) and paper and paperboard, surface-coloured, surface-decorated or printed, coated, impregnated or covered with artificial resins or plastics, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size, bleached and weighing > 150 g/m² (+1.5%) displayed positive paces of growth. Kraft paper and paperboard; uncoated, unbleached, weight 225g/m2 or more, in rolls or sheets, other than that of heading no. 4802 or 4803 experienced a relatively flat trend pattern. By contrast, kraft paper and paperboard, bleached uniformly throughout the mass and containing > 95% chemically processed wood fibres by weight in relation to the total fibre content, coated on one or both sides with kaolin or other inorganic substances, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size, weighing > 150 g/m² (-1.0%) illustrated a downward trend over the same period. While the share of paper and paperboard; multi-ply, coated with kaolin or other inorganic substances only, for non-graphic purposes, n.e.c. in heading no. 4810, in rolls or sheets (+6.8 p.p.) increased significantly in terms of the global imports from 2012-2022, the share of kraft paper and paperboard, bleached uniformly throughout the mass and containing > 95% chemically processed wood fibres by weight in relation to the total fibre content, coated on one or both sides with kaolin or other inorganic substances, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size, weighing > 150 g/m² (-2.3 p.p.) displayed negative dynamics. The shares of the other products remained relatively stable throughout the analyzed period.

In value terms, the largest types of imported folding boxboard were paper and paperboard; multi-ply, coated with kaolin or other inorganic substances only, for non-graphic purposes, n.e.c. in heading no. 4810, in rolls or sheets ($12B), paper and paperboard, surface-coloured, surface-decorated or printed, coated, impregnated or covered with artificial resins or plastics, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size (excluding bleached and weighing > 150 g/m², and adhesives) ($7.4B) and paper and paperboard, surface-coloured, surface-decorated or printed, coated, impregnated or covered with artificial resins or plastics, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size, bleached and weighing > 150 g/m² ($3.3B), with a combined 83% share of global imports. Kraft paper and paperboard, bleached uniformly throughout the mass and containing > 95% chemically processed wood fibres by weight in relation to the total fibre content, coated on one or both sides with kaolin or other inorganic substances, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size, weighing > 150 g/m² , kraft paper and paperboard, coated on one or both sides with kaolin or other inorganic substances, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size (excluding that for writing, printing or other graphic purposes; paper and paperboard bleached uniformly in the mass and containing > 95% chemically processed wood fibres by weight in relation to the total fibre content), paper and paperboard; uncoated, weight more than 150g/m2 but less than 225 g/m2, in rolls or sheets, n.e.c. in heading no. 4805, kraft paper and paperboard; uncoated, unbleached, weight 225g/m2 or more, in rolls or sheets, other than that of heading no. 4802 or 4803, kraft paper and paperboard; uncoated, weight 225g/m2 or more, bleached uniformly throughout, more than 95% of total fibre content consists of chemically processed wood fibres, in rolls or sheets, kraft paper and paperboard; uncoated, weight between 150 and 225g/m2, bleached uniformly throughout, more than 95% of total fibre content consists of chemically processed wood fibres, in rolls or sheets, kraft paper and paperboard; uncoated, weight 225g/m2 or more, in rolls or sheets, n.e.s. in item no. 4804.5, other than that of heading no. 4802 or 4803 and kraft paper and paperboard; uncoated, weight more than 150g/m2 but less than 225g/m2, in rolls or sheets, n.e.s. in item no. 4804.4, other than that of heading no. 4802 or 4803 lagged somewhat behind, together comprising a further 17%.

Among the main imported products, kraft paper and paperboard; uncoated, weight 225g/m2 or more, bleached uniformly throughout, more than 95% of total fibre content consists of chemically processed wood fibres, in rolls or sheets, with a CAGR of +9.3%, saw the highest rates of growth with regard to the value of imports, over the period under review, while purchases for the other products experienced more modest paces of growth.

Import Prices By Type

The average folding boxboard import price stood at $1,387 per ton in 2022, with an increase of 10% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the import price saw a relatively flat trend pattern. As a result, import price attained the peak level and is likely to continue growth in the immediate term.

Prices varied noticeably by the product type; the product with the highest price was paper and paperboard, surface-coloured, surface-decorated or printed, coated, impregnated or covered with artificial resins or plastics, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size (excluding bleached and weighing > 150 g/m², and adhesives) ($2,754 per ton), while the price for kraft paper and paperboard; uncoated, weight 225g/m2 or more, in rolls or sheets, n.e.s. in item no. 4804.5, other than that of heading no. 4802 or 4803 ($902 per ton) was amongst the lowest.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by kraft paper and paperboard; uncoated, weight between 150 and 225g/m2, bleached uniformly throughout, more than 95% of total fibre content consists of chemically processed wood fibres, in rolls or sheets (+3.2%), while the other products experienced more modest paces of growth.

Import Prices By Country

In 2022, the average folding boxboard import price amounted to $1,387 per ton, growing by 10% against the previous year. Overall, the import price continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. As a result, import price attained the peak level and is likely to continue growth in the immediate term.

Average prices varied somewhat amongst the major importing countries. In 2022, major importing countries recorded the following prices: in Mexico ($1,557 per ton) and the UK ($1,539 per ton), while the Netherlands ($1,132 per ton) and Germany ($1,268 per ton) were amongst the lowest.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Mexico (+4.3%), while the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Exports

World Exports of Folding Boxboard

For the third consecutive year, the global market recorded growth in shipments abroad of folding boxboard, which increased by 2.1% to 21M tons in 2022. The total export volume increased at an average annual rate of +2.9% from 2012 to 2022; the trend pattern remained relatively stable, with somewhat noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2021 when exports increased by 6.9%. Over the period under review, the global exports attained the peak figure in 2022 and are expected to retain growth in the near future.

In value terms, folding boxboard exports expanded significantly to $27.4B in 2022. The total export value increased at an average annual rate of +2.8% from 2012 to 2022; the trend pattern remained relatively stable, with only minor fluctuations throughout the analyzed period. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2021 with an increase of 15%. The global exports peaked in 2022 and are likely to see gradual growth in the near future.

Exports By Country

The biggest shipments were from Sweden (3.4M tons), China (3.2M tons), Finland (2.7M tons), the United States (2.1M tons) and Germany (2M tons), together accounting for 64% of total export. India (594K tons), South Korea (553K tons), the Netherlands (437K tons), Belgium (434K tons), Italy (434K tons), Canada (420K tons), Chile (368K tons) and Poland (340K tons) followed a long way behind the leaders.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of shipments, amongst the main exporting countries, was attained by India (with a CAGR of +30.3%), while the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest folding boxboard supplying countries worldwide were China ($3.9B), Sweden ($3.6B) and Germany ($3.2B), with a combined 39% share of global exports. Finland, the United States, the Netherlands, Poland, Italy, Canada, South Korea, India, Belgium and Chile lagged somewhat behind, together accounting for a further 39%.

India, with a CAGR of +29.6%, saw the highest growth rate of the value of exports, among the main exporting countries over the period under review, while shipments for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Exports By Type

In 2022, paper and paperboard; multi-ply, coated with kaolin or other inorganic substances only, for non-graphic purposes, n.e.c. in heading no. 4810, in rolls or sheets (12M tons) was the largest type of folding boxboard, mixing up 56% of total exports. Paper and paperboard, surface-coloured, surface-decorated or printed, coated, impregnated or covered with artificial resins or plastics, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size (excluding bleached and weighing > 150 g/m², and adhesives) (2.7M tons) took a 13% share (based on physical terms) of total exports, which put it in second place, followed by paper and paperboard, surface-coloured, surface-decorated or printed, coated, impregnated or covered with artificial resins or plastics, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size, bleached and weighing > 150 g/m² (8.3%), kraft paper and paperboard, bleached uniformly throughout the mass and containing > 95% chemically processed wood fibres by weight in relation to the total fibre content, coated on one or both sides with kaolin or other inorganic substances, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size, weighing > 150 g/m² (8%) and paper and paperboard; uncoated, weight more than 150g/m2 but less than 225 g/m2, in rolls or sheets, n.e.c. in heading no. 4805 (6.1%). Kraft paper and paperboard, coated on one or both sides with kaolin or other inorganic substances, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size (excluding that for writing, printing or other graphic purposes; paper and paperboard bleached uniformly in the mass and containing > 95% chemically processed wood fibres by weight in relation to the total fibre content) (708K tons) and kraft paper and paperboard; uncoated, unbleached, weight 225g/m2 or more, in rolls or sheets, other than that of heading no. 4802 or 4803 (440K tons) took a relatively small share of total exports.

Paper and paperboard; multi-ply, coated with kaolin or other inorganic substances only, for non-graphic purposes, n.e.c. in heading no. 4810, in rolls or sheets was also the fastest-growing in terms of exports, with a CAGR of +4.2% from 2012 to 2022. At the same time, kraft paper and paperboard, bleached uniformly throughout the mass and containing > 95% chemically processed wood fibres by weight in relation to the total fibre content, coated on one or both sides with kaolin or other inorganic substances, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size, weighing > 150 g/m² (+3.2%), paper and paperboard; uncoated, weight more than 150g/m2 but less than 225 g/m2, in rolls or sheets, n.e.c. in heading no. 4805 (+2.2%), paper and paperboard, surface-coloured, surface-decorated or printed, coated, impregnated or covered with artificial resins or plastics, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size (excluding bleached and weighing > 150 g/m², and adhesives) (+1.9%) and paper and paperboard, surface-coloured, surface-decorated or printed, coated, impregnated or covered with artificial resins or plastics, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size, bleached and weighing > 150 g/m² (+1.5%) displayed positive paces of growth. By contrast, kraft paper and paperboard, coated on one or both sides with kaolin or other inorganic substances, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size (excluding that for writing, printing or other graphic purposes; paper and paperboard bleached uniformly in the mass and containing > 95% chemically processed wood fibres by weight in relation to the total fibre content) (-1.1%) and kraft paper and paperboard; uncoated, unbleached, weight 225g/m2 or more, in rolls or sheets, other than that of heading no. 4802 or 4803 (-2.6%) illustrated a downward trend over the same period. While the share of paper and paperboard; multi-ply, coated with kaolin or other inorganic substances only, for non-graphic purposes, n.e.c. in heading no. 4810, in rolls or sheets (+6.5 p.p.) increased significantly in terms of the global exports from 2012-2022, the share of kraft paper and paperboard; uncoated, unbleached, weight 225g/m2 or more, in rolls or sheets, other than that of heading no. 4802 or 4803 (-1.5 p.p.) and kraft paper and paperboard, coated on one or both sides with kaolin or other inorganic substances, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size (excluding that for writing, printing or other graphic purposes; paper and paperboard bleached uniformly in the mass and containing > 95% chemically processed wood fibres by weight in relation to the total fibre content) (-1.7 p.p.) displayed negative dynamics. The shares of the other products remained relatively stable throughout the analyzed period.

In value terms, paper and paperboard; multi-ply, coated with kaolin or other inorganic substances only, for non-graphic purposes, n.e.c. in heading no. 4810, in rolls or sheets ($11.7B), paper and paperboard, surface-coloured, surface-decorated or printed, coated, impregnated or covered with artificial resins or plastics, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size (excluding bleached and weighing > 150 g/m², and adhesives) ($7.3B) and paper and paperboard, surface-coloured, surface-decorated or printed, coated, impregnated or covered with artificial resins or plastics, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size, bleached and weighing > 150 g/m² ($3.2B) constituted the products with the highest levels of exports in 2022, with a combined 81% share of global exports. Kraft paper and paperboard, bleached uniformly throughout the mass and containing > 95% chemically processed wood fibres by weight in relation to the total fibre content, coated on one or both sides with kaolin or other inorganic substances, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size, weighing > 150 g/m² , paper and paperboard; uncoated, weight more than 150g/m2 but less than 225 g/m2, in rolls or sheets, n.e.c. in heading no. 4805, kraft paper and paperboard, coated on one or both sides with kaolin or other inorganic substances, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size (excluding that for writing, printing or other graphic purposes; paper and paperboard bleached uniformly in the mass and containing > 95% chemically processed wood fibres by weight in relation to the total fibre content), kraft paper and paperboard; uncoated, unbleached, weight 225g/m2 or more, in rolls or sheets, other than that of heading no. 4802 or 4803, kraft paper and paperboard; uncoated, weight 225g/m2 or more, bleached uniformly throughout, more than 95% of total fibre content consists of chemically processed wood fibres, in rolls or sheets, kraft paper and paperboard; uncoated, weight between 150 and 225g/m2, bleached uniformly throughout, more than 95% of total fibre content consists of chemically processed wood fibres, in rolls or sheets, kraft paper and paperboard; uncoated, weight 225g/m2 or more, in rolls or sheets, n.e.s. in item no. 4804.5, other than that of heading no. 4802 or 4803 and kraft paper and paperboard; uncoated, weight more than 150g/m2 but less than 225g/m2, in rolls or sheets, n.e.s. in item no. 4804.4, other than that of heading no. 4802 or 4803 lagged somewhat behind, together accounting for a further 19%.

Paper and paperboard; uncoated, weight more than 150g/m2 but less than 225 g/m2, in rolls or sheets, n.e.c. in heading no. 4805, with a CAGR of +5.6%, saw the highest rates of growth with regard to the value of exports, in terms of the main exported products over the period under review, while shipments for the other products experienced more modest paces of growth.

Export Prices By Type

The average folding boxboard export price stood at $1,305 per ton in 2022, picking up by 8.8% against the previous year. In general, the export price, however, continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. Over the period under review, the average export prices attained the maximum at $1,320 per ton in 2012; afterwards, it flattened through to 2022.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major exported products. In 2022, the product with the highest price was paper and paperboard, surface-coloured, surface-decorated or printed, coated, impregnated or covered with artificial resins or plastics, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size (excluding bleached and weighing > 150 g/m², and adhesives) ($2,700 per ton), while the average price for exports of kraft paper and paperboard; uncoated, weight 225g/m2 or more, in rolls or sheets, n.e.s. in item no. 4804.5, other than that of heading no. 4802 or 4803 ($804 per ton) was amongst the lowest.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by kraft paper and paperboard; coated with kaolin or other inorganic substances only, for non-graphic purposes, n.e.s. in item no. 4810.31 and 4810.32, in rolls or sheets (+4.2%), while the other products experienced more modest paces of growth.

Export Prices By Country

The average folding boxboard export price stood at $1,305 per ton in 2022, picking up by 8.8% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the export price, however, saw a relatively flat trend pattern. Over the period under review, the average export prices attained the peak figure at $1,320 per ton in 2012; afterwards, it flattened through to 2022.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major exporting countries. In 2022, amid the top suppliers, the country with the highest price was Poland ($2,167 per ton), while India ($904 per ton) was amongst the lowest.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Poland (+3.0%), while the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox Market Intelligence Platform